Essay About Bullying Essay

There are a huge number of kids in the United States that go to neighborhood school regions that are experiencing an epidemically called tormenting. Tormenting doesn't victimize age, sex, or race it is a continuous issue that requirements tending to right away. It is fundamental that this circumstance is distinguished to forestall irreversible mental harm to the person in question. On the off chance that this circumstance isn't confined in an opportune way the circumstance can wreck an individual’s mental self portrait and commonly have lethal results. It is basic to prepare school area workers and guardians with an assortment of techniques to help casualties with harassing. There are numerous variables that can add to a kid or pre-adult in turning into an objective of tormenting. There are no particular attributes that will forestall a person in turning into an objective. Menaces work alone or in a gathering to torment their casualty. Menaces consistently pick casualties that appear to be helpless against them and realize that they won't respond to the circumstance. Harassing has been characterized as a rehashed forceful conduct whereby a harasser, or gatherings of menaces, efficiently misled more fragile friends (Olweus, 1993; Willard, and Perry, 1990). Harassing developed hugely in the most recent decade, it is not, at this point pretty much being ridiculed the manner in which you dress or look now it is progressively muddled. Tormenting no longer remains in homerooms, schools, or neighborhoods. Innovation permits harassing to go the world over very quickly this procedure is done through your fingertips. There are numerous kinds of tormenting the old style type are still set up the domineering jerk exploit its objective casualty vis-à-vis it comprise of pointing at an individual giggling at them and remaining there until they see them cry. There is additionally circuitous harassing this implies they reach the casualty the domineering jerks simply spread bits of gossip about the person in question and ruin their notoriety and validity with their friends. Presently with innovation being so best in class digital harassing has made its passage which comprises of tormenting a person through sites like face book, Instagram, twitter, or any school site that understudies create. Another ground-breaking pattern that is in the ascent is sexting. Sexting comprises of sending or getting unequivocal or explicitly intriguing naked or seminude pictures for the most part by means of phone gadgets as it were. In our general public today, we see a developing concern with respect to harassing. Educator and experts know about tormenting, was not messed with as decades prior. All school regions across the nation have received an arrangement that has been basically it’s called Anti-Bullying approach. This strategy has a zero resilience in tormenting in school grounds. When the casualty reports the episode school authorities need to make prompt move to shield the casualty from the attacker. School area have additionally evolved numerous intercess ion plans and methodologies to abstain from tormenting, they are proactive in the counter harassing approach. Locale are ensuring that each understudy knows about the counter harassing approach and learn methods in how to secure themselves and where to look for help if necessary. Tormenting isn't viewed as an ordinary piece of growing up. At the point when guardians would express that tormenting is a piece of growing up that the casualty needed to toughen up, or like many would day it is simply child’s play. They never understand that sway that these casualties had in their adulthood because of the harassing in their youth years. Being harassed makes an irregular family condition. The casualty separations themselves from the family to abstain from talking about the issue. Ordinarily this causes scars in the casualties that it keeps them from carrying on with a typical life. In cases this way, it is suggested that people search for help right away. An expert is the most ideal choice for a family in helping them in the mending procedure. We have to discover approaches to target tormenti ng productively to maintain a strategic distance from low confidence gives that youngsters and youths are experiencing in their protected zone that ought to be their school and condition. We should know that if these issues are not focused on the casualties will have passionate and mental issues and may lead them to end it all. America is a place where there is dreams and openings this nation has been liberal and permits everybody to have the right to speak freely of discourse. We are currently at a period that people’s rights are equivalent. Presently laws have been changed to regard the gay and lesbian union rights in the public eye. There are clubs and associations in schools that help lesbian and gay rights. These kinds of clubs make a strained circumstance among companions and individuals that join these clubs become focuses of tormenting. Watching the universe of harassing we can distinguish the potential damage that causesâ children and teenagers to live caught in this life. As advocates, our main responsibility is to have the option to recognize this issue rapidly. To attempt to forestall the casualty in becoming lost despite a general sense of vigilance and begin exploring different avenues regarding drugs, experience the ill effects of wretchedness or choose to get away from the circumstance through self destruction. We as a whole need to join together and stand together and focus on this difficult connected at the hip with all the assets accessible. The dedication we have to the network ought to be 100%. Taking everything into account, we know about the sorts of tormenting that exist in the public arena today, we are additionally outfitted with the best key to vanquishing this issues information. Our promise as experts is that we are happy to go over and past to support a tormenting casualty and their families. Considering all the focuses talked about today we can recognize that we have to make a group with guardians to ensure that if an issue of tormenting ever emerges we can impart and forestall a casualty to turning out to be mentally ups et and a family to lose a friend or family member. References Character and Mental Health. Nov 2012, 6 (4), 325-339.15 Recover on 3/21/14 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. Jun 2013, 82(6), 2-4-5 Recover on 3/21/14

Essay Format Samples

Essay Format SamplesEssay format samples are very essential tools to guide the writing process. They also provide useful pointers on how to construct an essay. Whether it is for a student or a teacher, these formart samples are very useful to outline their strategies for the writing process. When it comes to essay writing, the first step is for the writer to identify and formulate the content of their paper.The important part of essay writing is that the reader must have understood what the writer is trying to say through the writing. This is the most important factor that the essay writer should pay attention to. That is why essays need to be well-written. The second step is the drafting process, which requires time and care. An essay that is poorly written is known as poorly constructed.Essay format samples are very useful to teach and assist the writers to set aside their fears in the writing process. One cannot express himself if he is not in a comfortable frame of mind to write. For this reason, he must be confident enough to dictate his thoughts on paper.Essay format samples can be found in various places. There are websites that offer sample forms that the writer can use. These formart samples can also be downloaded from the website and can be printed out to help the writer write.Formart samples can also be found in newspapers or magazines that will provide the writers with sample essays. Since it is the responsibility of the editors to come up with interesting topics for the writer to choose, the editor must have a good knowledge about the writer's experiences. Thus, he can write about a particular topic of interest to the writer.However, one should not copy the essay directly from the site that provides it. It is the duty of the writer to write his own. By doing so, the writer can take the liberty to make changes that are necessary to fit his needs.Essay format samples can also be found online. Although these online sites can offer essays for free, the content is not really that meaningful. Thus, they must be copied and pasted to make it more interesting.The use of essay format samples is very beneficial for the writer. Afterward, they can give some feedback to the writer, who can then revise his paper accordingly. In this way, the writer will be able to write well-formatted essays.

Why does Torvald constantly reprimand Nora for her wastefulness and foolishness while simultaneously supporting her behavior Essay Example

For what reason does Torvald continually censure Nora for her inefficiency and absurdity while at the same time supporting her conduct? Paper Torvald sees Nora as a stupid lady who is oblivious of the manner in which society works, yet he enjoys Nora’s silliness and numbness since they render her powerless and consequently reliant on him. It before long turns out to be obvious to us that Nora’s reliance, not Torvald’s love for Nora as an individual, shapes the establishment of Torvald’s love for her. In Act One, Torvald prods Nora about squandering cash however then attempts to satisfy her by thoughtfully giving her more. Also, he calls attention to her shortcomings yet then says he doesn’t need her to change a piece. He plainly appreciates keeping Nora in a position where she can't work on the planet without him, regardless of whether it implies that she stays stupid. As a rule, Torvald objects to any sort of progress in Nora’s steady, loyal aura since he needs to control her conduct. When Nora starts to move the tarantella uncontrollably in Act Two, he is agitated. In Act One, Nora says that it would embarrass Torvald on the off chance that he realized he was covertly paying off debtors to her for his life, demonstrating that Torvald needs the force in his union with be uneven rather thanâ mutual. What is the conciliatory job held by ladies of every financial class in this book? How is it depicted by Ibsen? All in all, the play’s female characters embody Nora’s statement (addressed Torvald in Act Three) that despite the fact that men will not forfeit their respectability, â€Å"hundreds of thousands of ladies have.† In request to help her mom and two siblings, Mrs. Linde thought that it was important to desert Krogstad, her trueâ€but pennilessâ€love, and wed a more extravagant man. The babysitter needed to desert her own kid to help herself by filling in as Nora’s (and afterward as Nora’s children’s) guardian. As she tells Nora, the caretaker sees herself as fortunate to have secured the position, since she was â€Å"a poor young lady who’d been driven astray.† We will compose a custom paper test on Why does Torvald continually censure Nora for her inefficiency and stupidity while at the same time supporting her conduct? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Why does Torvald continually censure Nora for her inefficiency and absurdity while all the while supporting her conduct? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Why does Torvald continually censure Nora for her inefficiency and stupidity while at the same time supporting her conduct? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In spite of the fact that Nora is financially advantaged in contrast with the play’s other female characters, she all things considered has a troublesome existence since society directs that Torvald be the marriage’s prevailing accomplice. Torvald issues declarations and deigns to Nora, and Nora must conceal her credit from him since she knows Torvald would never acknowledge the possibility that his significant other (or some other lady) had helped spare his life. Moreover, she should work stealthily to take care of her credit since it is unlawful for a lady to get an advance without her husband’s authorization. By rousing Nora’s trickiness, the mentalities of Torvaldâ€and societyâ€leave Nora helpless against Krogstad’s coercion. Nora’s deserting of her kids can likewise be deciphered as a demonstration of altruism. Regardless of Nora’s incredible love for her childrenâ€manifested by her association with them and her extraordinary dread of undermining themâ€she decides to leave them. Nora really accepts that the babysitter will be a superior mother and that leaving her youngsters is to their greatest advantage. What reason does the perusing and composing of the letters play in the story? How can it help uncover the idea of the circumstances? A large number of the plot’s exciting bends in the road rely on the composition and perusing of letters, which work inside the play as the subtext that uncovers the valid, terrible nature of circumstances clouded by Torvald and Nora’s endeavors at beautification. Krogstad composes two letters: the first uncovers Nora’s wrongdoing of falsification to Torvald; the second withdraws his shakedown danger and returns Nora’s promissory note. The primary letter, which Krogstad puts in Torvald’s letterbox close to the finish of Act Two, speaks to reality with regards to Nora’s past and starts the inescapable disintegration of her marriageâ€as Nora says following Krogstad leaves it, â€Å"We are lost.† Nora’s endeavors to slow down Torvald from perusing the letter speak to her proceeded with forswearing of the genuine idea of her marriage. The subsequent letter discharges Nora from her commitment to Krogstad and speaks to her discharge from her commitment to Torvald. After understanding it, Torvald endeavors to come back to his and Nora’s past refusal of the real world, yet Nora perceives that the letters have accomplished more than open her activities to Torvald; they have uncovered reality with regards to Torvald’s narrow-mindedness, and she can no longer take an interest in the hallucination of an upbeat marriage. Dr. Rank’s strategy for conveying his up and coming passing is to leave his calling card set apart with a dark cross in Torvald’s letterbox. In a previous discussion with Nora, Dr. Rank uncovers his comprehension of Torvald’s reluctance to acknowledge reality when heâ proclaims, â€Å"Torvald is so critical, he can't look up to - anything ugly.† By leaving his calling card as a demise notice, Dr. Rank pleasantly endeavors to keep Torvald from the â€Å"ugly† truth. Different letters incorporate Mrs. Linde’s note to Krogstad, which starts her - extraordinary gathering with him, and Torvald’s letter of excusal to Krogstad.

The Corruption of Christianity in As I Lay Dying - Literature Essay Samples

It is human nature to desire a better understanding of oneself; without the magnificent powers of scientific fact, humans were forced to use the next best concepts: introspection, thought, and philosophy. Through the use of the dynamic human mind, human societies were able to determine explanation and reason for our existence, which time and time again evolved into religion. In general, human societies have created religions that celebrate a higher power a tendency that has continued on into modern society with countless examples such as Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Of these three, Christianity is the predominant religion of western culture and represents a significant part of society from politics, to the economy, holidays, and cultural traditions. While the basic principles of the religion offer a positive way of life, modern societal standards have the tendency to elicit unethical exploitation of its system of beliefs. William Faulkner provides an insightful narrative in As I Lay Dying, illustrating the plethora of atrocities that result from religious corruption. Due to human nature’s selfish impulses, religion more specifically, Christianity is meant to act as a power for good. However, the ideas are taken advantage of for personal gain with little thought to its effect on others. Through each of his characters, Faulkner illustrates a bluntly realistic version of religion that serves to reveal the superficial and selfish means for exploitation that modern religion has become. Cora Tull is certainly one of the more ironic portrayals of a â€Å"devout† Christian in modern literature. While she believes that she follows a lifestyle that exhibits â€Å"pure religion†, but she fails to adhere to some of the most fundamental principles of the Christian faith. Cora often finds grand disappointment in the Bundrens’ loyalty to God. Perhaps Cora is most judgemental of the religious values of Addie Bundren, as Cora has stated that â€Å"it is not us that can judge our sins or know what is sin in the Lords eyes. She has had a hard life, but so does every woman. But youd think from the way she talked that she knew more about sin and salvation than the Lord God Himself, than them who have strove and labored with the sin in this human world† (167). In Cora’s harsh criticism of Addie’s lack of faith in the lord and salvation, she is failing to recognize one of the ten commandments: â€Å"Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.à ¢â‚¬  In Cora’s elitist view of herself and her pure faith, as well as her failure to show sympathy or understanding for the Bundrens’ situation, she is ironically neglecting the religious values to which she claims to be so loyal. Faulkner’s depiction of this sardonic character illustrates the idea that following â€Å"pure religion† elicits rash judgement of less devout individuals and consequently utterly abandoning the values that should be reflected by â€Å"pure† religious followers. Cora’s character demonstrates that an individual who is only religious by blind faith, but lacks the intention to adhere to its principles, is a failure and a incompetent representative of its ideas and beliefs. While the Christian belief system has good intentions, it can be easily manipulated by individuals with selfish and immoral desires. Anse Bundren, while a pathetically useless character who has no motivation and gives nothing to aid his family, believes not that his poor living situation is self-inflicted but that they are caused by God. As he states, â€Å"I am chosen of the Lord, for who He loveth, so doeth He chastiseth. But I be durn if He don’t take some curious ways to show it, seems like,† the state of Anse’s life is argued to be specifically decided by God (111). This tactic represents how one can manipulate the system of beliefs that is christianity in order to justify an individual’s inadequacies and failures. Faulkner’s demonstration of how one who refuses to take responsibility for their own actions by claiming the â€Å"will of the lord† is ultimately pathetic excuse for a christian or any religious believer is exemplified in Ans es denial of his self-created misery. By his blameful logic, Anse also formulates â€Å"genuine† reason for selfishly choosing to send Darl to a mental institution in order to avoid a lawsuit, stating â€Å"I reckon he ought to be there. God knows, it’s a trial on me. Seems like it ain’t no end to bad luck when once it starts.† (233). Religion has given him a means to refuse guilt thus never learning from his mistakes as he believes they were destined to be made. The ease at which the beliefs behind Christianity can be abused represents modern religion’s attempt to create kind, well-mannered individuals is ultimately ineffective. Perhaps the most disappointing religious representative in the entire book, is the local minister, Whitfield. Ironically, as a man whose duty is to teach religious beliefs and provide spiritual guidance to the community, he is arguably the most pathetically incompetent character when it comes to following the principles of Christianity. In his attempt to confess his affair with Addie to Anse and his decision not to after learning she had already died, Whitfield is not only displaying a failure to act true to the beliefs he preaches but also a failure to fulfill a direct command from God: â€Å"‘Rise,’ He sad; ‘repair to that home in which you have put a living lie, among those people with whom you have outraged My Word; confess your sin aloud. It is for them, for that deceived husband, to forgive you: not I,† (177). Yet soon after this we understanding the full extent of his pathetic nature, as Whitfield decides that, as with Addie’s death he no longe r has any reason to worry for the secret getting out, the mere intention of confession is enough in God’s eyes. His distinct failure to fulfill the specific demands of the lord demonstrates how individuals who are meant to embody the epitome of christian belief and hold a sacred duty of teaching those beliefs can be utterly faithless. Additionally, the action to which he fails to confess, is a notable sin unto itself. As a minister who committed an act of adultery Whitfield demonstrates no attachment to the beliefs he preaches and consequently elicits Addie’s rejection of religion. The irony of Whitfield’s pathetic character illustrates how the principles of Christianity hold such little authority and influence that even members who are meant to represent the â€Å"pinnacle of piety† have no obligation to commitment. While the principles of Christianity have in some ways remained stable since their creation thousands of years ago, the influence of such principles, at least on the evidence of Faulkners novel, has completely deteriorated. Highly â€Å"pure† religious individuals do not care to genuinely follow the most basic beliefs that claim to uphold. Others take advantageous of these religious weaknesses to justify their incompetencies and immoralities. Ultimately, William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying provides a somber demonstration of the failures of modern religion, exemplifying its shortcomings and negative the backlash that results. Modern religion has become hollow and senseless as the only motive to abide by it is for selfish gain and its teachings have devolved into meaningless words with no intimate understanding or devotion.

My Father Was An Alcoholic - 844 Words

We all know the typical meaning of Monday; a new week starting, going back to school or to work, dealing with stress, following a schedule. I go through all these steps every week; however, the day-after Sunday has meant much more to me than a simple week starting again. Astrid, my mother, was living in Cayenne during the Twenties, more specifically in 1987. She followed her parents when they moved because my grandfather was in the army and had been transferred to Guiana. She went through tough moments in her life; her dad was wicked, cold and often away. During the time my mother was a teenager, women were not treated equally as men, most of the time they would stay home, bring the children to school and prepare dinner while the husband would go to work in order to earn money and make live his family. My grandfather was an alcoholic; therefore, he had unacceptable behavior toward his family. My grandmother could not leave with her children because her husband was the only one working and bringing food on the table. It was the end of the weekend. Her dad had been drinking a lot, so she decided to leave for the night with her friends. When she came back on Monday at dawn, he was sitting on her bed waiting for her daughter to enter the room and gave her a lesson that she would never forget. The next day she decided without telling anyone but her mother to leave the house and never come back, not until my grandfather would still be a part of this world. Weeks later, sheShow MoreRelatedEssay about alcoholism1234 Words   |  5 Pages(NIAAA). An alcoholic separates them self from almost all social situations and consumes his/her self in having another drink or thinking about their next drink. Seventy six million Americans, about 43% of the U.S. adult population, have been exposed to alcoholism in the family (NIAAA) . I have first-hand experience dealing with an alcoholic because my father was one until his death on July 2,nd 2004. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;My father’s alcoholism started around 10 years ago. That was the firstRead MoreAlcoholism And Their Effects On Alcoholism Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesinterview was conducted in an attempt to learn firsthand the effects that alcoholism has on other members of the family unit. The Individual interviewed is a 21 year old Female. Interviewer: â€Å"It is my understanding that someone in your family has been struggling with alcoholism, is this correct?† Respondent: â€Å"Yes, My father has been effected by alcoholism since before I was born, and continues to struggle with it today.† Interviewer: â€Å"How would you describe your relationship with your father?† Respondent:Read MoreMy Personal Statement On Education1087 Words   |  5 PagesI was raised by two hard working parents who instilled in me the value of higher education. 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In Scott Russell Sander s essay, Under the Influence, he shows how children of alcoholic parents suffer from self-blame and how such blame can affect them for the rest of their life. Sanders illustrates the troubles he experienced as a young boy due to his fathers drinking problem. Scott blamed himself for his father s addiction to alcohol. WheneverRead MoreAddictions to Work and Alcohol Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesHuman behavior varies depending on culture, environment, or special circumstances. Ellen Goodman was born on April 11 of 1941; she is an American journalist and Pulitzer Prize winning columnist. The author Scott Russell Sanders studied physics and English at Brown University, graduating in 1967. â€Å"The Company Man† essay indicates how an excess of work can take over an individual’s life by having emotional impact on the people around them on a daily basis. â€Å"Under Influence† essay shows the readersRead MoreAn Alcoholic Case By F. Scott Fitzgerald And My Son The Murderer954 Words   |  4 Pages People might sometimes find themselves in a situation in which there is nothing they can do to help those who they care about, but they do it against all odds anyway. In both â€Å"An Alcoholic Case† by F. Scott Fitzgerald and â€Å"My Son the Murderer† by Bernard Malamud, the deuteragonists are dealing with the effects war had on them: one falling into alcoholism and the other into depression. Meanwhile the protagonists, the Nurse and Leo respectively, are trying to prevent them from suffering with noRead MoreAttachment Theory As A Framework For Understanding Interpersonal And Emotional Outcomes Of Adults1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout adult-hood. In the past, research done on father -child relationships, has generally, focused on the attachment the child develops, when the father is absent in the child’s early stages of development. In my research, I found recent studies, performed on father-child relationships, and how secure attachment bonds are developed, when the father is not only present, but positively active in the child’s life. The active presence of a father during the first years of a child’s life are importantRead MoreWhat Is the Appeal of Alcohol?1662 Words   |  7 Pagesa tough day in the office or being laid off from the company. Alcoholic parents do not mature decisions and should not be parents. Alcohol makes dealing with children tough, thoughts are slowed and the tendency to overreact to normal actions increases. By partaking in alcohol consumption, risks develop that ordinarily would not be there. Alcoholic beverages are not difficult to come by; they can be found at nearly every store. This was made possible by alcohol distributor’s pow er to export their product

Long Term Consequences Of Child Abuse Essay - 1931 Words

Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse Introduction Child abuse has infested the United States of America; it is now more common than ever before, and sometimes it may not be known that this issue is occurring. In most cases, it is obvious to the child and sometimes to his surrounding support; although in few cases, the child may not be capable of comprehending the issue at hand to further tell and report the situation (Shi 198). There is an error in the method used to study how often child abuse occurs. The problem is that this method still lacks a step to be able to understand the horrendous experience that children endure (Shi 198). Child maltreatment is a sensitive subject to many. Child maltreatment is basically known as any type of abuse affecting the child. It is only defined as follows: the child is left with potential harm of health, developmental and survival processes, or behavioral dignity in relationships and trust (Norman 2). The issue of child abuse has negatively affected numerous home lives. This situation will affect each child differently, and children could be left with permanent and long-term damage (Norman 2). Children who have experienced abuse continue to hurt by experiencing long term physical, societal, psychological, and behavioral effects to deal with for years to come and quite possibly the rest of their lives. What are the Basic Areas of Long-Term Consequences? The basic areas of long-term consequences include: physical effects, psychologicalShow MoreRelatedLong-term consequences of Child Abuse on the Society1559 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Long-term Consequences of Child Abuse Child abuse is the physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of a child by his or her parent or guardian. Many do not realize how many children are abused in their homes every day. 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Child physical abuse, emotional violence, sexual assault, and neglect are some of the most severe concernsRead More Causes and Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect2527 Words   |  11 Pages Child abuse is defined by the U.S. Department of Health Human Services as being, Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.(Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect 2015). Abuse can be divided into three different categories: physical, sexual, and mental. In our society, the act of abuse is a commonRead MoreEffects Of Child Maltreatment On Children859 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of Child Maltreatment The maltreatment of children within the United States is an unfortunate but evident issue that presents some very detrimental consequences for the victims. Victims of child maltreatment typically suffer from both short-term and long-term consequences, resulting from the negligence of their parents. Across the nation techniques and measures have been taken in order to prevent the advancement of child abuse within high-risk homes, although despite these efforts sometimesRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1519 Words   |  7 Pages Many children in the US have to endure child abuse. Most people do not understand the consequences the abused children have to live with for the rest of their lives. Because child abuse is a long-term problem, it impacts not only the child and family, but also the society as a whole. Children who are abused usually end up with self-esteem problems and lose their self-confidence. Therefore, they end up getting addicted to drugs or alcohol, wh ich can create problems for their whole communityRead MoreThe Impact Of Sexual Child Abuse On America1517 Words   |  7 Pages The Impact of Sexual Child Abuse in America Child abuse has been going on for many years. There are many forms of child abuse, however, there is one that is far worse than the rest; sexual abuse. Children has a natural instinct to trust too easily and believe what people tell them, especially if they know those people. Statistics show very high figures of sexual child abuse in America. When children undergo sexual abuse, it impacts their whole being. There are physicalRead MoreViolence Against Children Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesservices, health care and education, child abuse, neglect, exploitation, forced to beg, trafficked. Children are still one of the social groups at risk, facing many problems that remain unresolved. Although the consequences may vary according to the type and severity of the violence, the short and long-term consequences for children are very often serious and destructive and are costly. The laws that protect children’s rights are often not effective. Child abuse takes a variety of forms and is influencedRead MoreThe Development Of Childhood Abuse Victims1357 Words   |  6 PagesDEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE VICTIMS 2 The Behavioral Development of Childhood Abuse Victims and How Their Children Are Affected In 2015, The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released a report containing the following statistics: In 2013, approximately 3.9 million children in the United States were reported to have been abused or mistreated. 52 states reported a total of 678,932 child victims of abuse and neglect. Victims betweenRead MoreThe Long Term Ramifications Of Child Abuse And Neglect1478 Words   |  6 PagesTitle The long term ramifications of child abuse and neglect are profound and may endure long after the maltreatment has occurred. Individuals that undergo such abuse either physically or mentally may affect various aspects of their development. The outcome of abuse and neglect can range from minor effects to fatal situations. In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Dill was emotionally damaged and neglected by his parents. In 2006, an estimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglectRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Children Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are individuals who act on horrible inexplicable instincts such as molesting a child or even to the point of sexually abusing a child. We as a society are constantly bombarded with reports of extreme sexual abuse cases of children and even infants. When we read or see a report of sexual abuse in the news the first thing that comes to mind is, what sick individual would think to do that to such an innocent child. More often than not the culprit ends up being an individual that fits the profile

Cocept Analysis Adaptation free essay sample

All of these situations describe a form of adaptation on behalf of the individual in order to deal with a stressful situation. According to Sister Callista Roy (2009)† adaptation is the process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons as individuals or in groups use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration† (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of adaptation in the hope to bring clarification to the use of the term in nursing research and practice. This will be done in the form of a concept analysis. A concept analysis is the rigorous process of bringing clarity to the definition of the concepts used in science (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The concept analysis process of Walker and Avant (2005) includes selection of a concept, determining the aims or purpose of the concept, identifying all the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identification of model cases: identifying borderline, related, contrary, invented and illegitimate cases, identifying antecedents, consequences and lastly defining the empirical referents (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The concept analysis process is important because most of nursing theory has been based on concepts adopted from other disciplines, so it is necessary to explore these concepts to discover their relevance to the nursing profession (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). Aim of the Analysis The aim of this concept analysis of adaptation is to discover what descriptors of this concept make it more relevant to nursing practice and research. As pointed out by Rodgers and Knafl (2000) the value of discussing concepts is to promote the clarification and refinement of an idea that is intended to contribute to the problem solving efforts of a discipline (Holden, 2005). Literature Review of the Theory Adaptation Taylor’s (1983) cognitive adaptation theory states that individuals use positive thought processes as a form of adapting to stressful circumstances. Engaging in mildly positive self-relevant distortions enables an individual to maintain an optimistic outlook, enhance self-esteem and encourage a sense of mastery when facing a threatening event (Henselmans et al. 2009). Taylor proposes that these positive thoughts give an individual a sense of control which will then force the individual to take constructive action when dealing with a stressful situation. Schkade and Schultz (1992) in their occupational adaptation theory proposed that there is a normal process that individuals go through as they strive for compet ency on their jobs. There is an interaction with the environment that drives the individual to attain mastery over work related challenges. In this process the individual evaluates their responses to the challenges based on an internal sense of effectiveness or satisfaction. The self-assessment phase is the only means of evaluating the level of adaptation in this theory. Charmaz (1995) proposed that adaptation for most people is a gradual process of evolution where an altered individual changes to accommodate bodily and functional loss (Livneh amp; Parker, 2005). The changes in the individuals result from a recognition of a loss of their former self -image and the adaptation only comes about after that realization. Yoshida (1993) believes that adaptation through identity reconstruction only comes about after the individual struggles between their identity as a disabled person and their identity as their former self (Livneh amp; Parker, 2011). There is a constant internal struggle to which the outcome cannot be predicted. Lewin speaks of a reciprocal, interactive process of adaptation that involves the individual and the environment (Livneh amp; Parker, 2011). The environment consists of internal and external factors that influence the adaptation process. The internal factors can include type and severity of illness and/or the individual’s concept of self. The external factors include variables such as physical, social and vocational aspects of the external environment. The level of adaptation will depend on the interaction between the individual and these environmental factors. Uses of the Concept Adaptation as defined by Merriam-Webster (2013) is the adjustment to environmental conditions, adjustment of a sense organ to the intensity or quality of stimulation. Synonyms for adaptation: acclimation, accommodation, acclimatization, adjustment and conformation. Charles Darwin theory of natural selection states that organisms adapt to their environment to become better fitted to survive and that they pass these genes on to the next generation ( ). According to Natural Resources Canada (NRC) adaptation includes activities that are taken before impacts are observed (anticipatory) and after impacts have been felt (reactive). Both anticipatory and reactive adaptation can be planned as a result of deliberate policy decisions and reactive adaptation can also occur spontaneously (NRC, 2008). Defining Attributes Two defining attributes of adaptation are interaction and environment. A common theme that emerged during the review of information researched for this topic was that adaptation occurs after interaction between the individual and the environment. The Roy adaptation model (Roy amp; Andrews, 1999) viewed the individual as a holistic adaptive system who responds to different stimuli in the environment, he/she processes changes in the environment through emotional channels that involve perception, learning, judgment and emotion (Cunningham, 2002). Model Cases Walker amp; Avant (2010) state that a model case illustrates or exemplifies the concept and includes demonstrations of all defining ttributes (CCN, 2012). A model case of adaptation could be a previously withdrawn 45 year old female patient with a new colostomy. The patient Mrs. X shied away from learning how to care for her colostomy, refusing even to look at the colostomy during colostomy care. Subsequently Mrs. X now asks appropriate questions, has become more involved even to the point of changing her colostomy appliance. During this process the nurse encourages the patient by asking open ended questions about her feelings, the nurse also assures the patient that when she is ready to talk or learn someone will be available to answer her questions. Mr. L is a 35 year old newly diagnosed diabetic, who is open and receptive to diet and lifestyle changes that has become necessary to control his blood glucose levels. The adaptation can be seen by the patient taking part in the discussion with his nutritionist, asking appropriate questions and requesting information about resources that will be available to him should he need more support in adjusting to his new lifestyle changes. A contrary case is an example that does not display the attributes of the concept. Ms. B a 25 year old that received a right lower limb amputation due to a car accident refuses to take part in physiotherapy. In fact, she is somewhat hostile to the healthcare team and does not take part in any discussion about her plan of care and her rehabilitation. Attempts by the nurses to build a therapeutic relationship by asking open ended questions and sitting with the patient to offer comfort and support are not acknowledged. Related cases, according to Walker amp; Avant (2010), include most but not all of the attributes that relate to adaptation (CCN, 2012). Safety in many cases can be related to adaptation. Nurses find that they will have to step in and modify a patient’s environment to aid in the adjustment to an ongoing ailment. This may include dimming the lights, providing a quiet atmosphere and limiting visitors for a patient that has a dissecting aortic aneurysm. The nurse understands that it is important for this individual to have a calm quiet environment he/she also knows the importance of administering antihypertensive medication and sedative as needed to achieve an internal environment that is conducive to this person’s health. Providing safety may also come in the form of providing a clutter free environment for all patients. This includes ensuring that the bed is in the lowest position, all electrical cords are secured properly and the patient’s belongings and the call light are within the patient’s reach. These little changes go a long way in helping people adjust to the strange environment of a hospital room and by performing these tasks the nurse is fulfilling his/her role of promoting adaptation according to Roy’s Adaptation Model. Antecedents and Consequences According to Walker and Avant (1995), antecedents are the events or incidents that happen before the concept (Cheng, Foster amp; Huang, 2003). An antecedent to adaptation is stress, stress which can affect the body as a result of an accident, infection or an illness. The onset of a physical trauma or the diagnosis of a life threatening illness can set into motion a chain of psychosocial experiences, reaction or responses (Livneh amp; Parker, 2005). The goal of nursing at this point would be to promote adaptation (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The needs of the patient will be assessed and the plan for an appropriate intervention should be formulated. Control over the situation maybe beyond the scope of nursing practice however, the goal is for the patient to try to achieve integration with the environment, external or internal. Consequences are the events or incidents that happen as a result of the concept. A consequence of adaptation is that a change has taken place, a change in mindset or behavior. A patient that was not able to ambulate without assistance may now be able to walk around their home using crutches or a cane. The newly diagnosed breast cancer patient is no longer fearful because she has developed a positive outlook about her disease. She has started to look for support groups and researching natural intervention to help battle her illness. Taylor (1983) proposed that self -generated control perceptions prevent helplessness and promotes constructive thought and action (Henselmans et al. , 2009). Empirical Referents Walker and Avant (2010) define an empirical referent as a measurement tool or mechanism for the demonstration of the existence of the defining attributes of a concept (CCN, 2012). Cognitive adaptation is measured by the individual’s feelings of control or mastery over the illness as well as the individual’s positive outlook relating to their illness. One of the tools used to measure optimism is the Life Oriented Test (LOT). It consists of eight items and yields a total score between 0 and 32. An example of a question is: ‘I always look on the bright side of life’. The participants are asked to rate this statement on a 5 point scale, ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The Pearlin and Schooler’s Mastery Scale is used to assess feelings of control over events. Seven items are used to assess global beliefs of perceived control rather than events being controlled by fate. Five items are phrased in a positive way and two items in a negative way. An example of a statement is ‘I have little control over the things that happen to me’. A five point scale is used here also 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher points on both scales, indicates a higher level of perceived control or optimism which points to positive adaptation. Conclusion Adaptation is an innate basic function that all humans and organisms must have to overcome different stressors in life. How one adapts is closely related to our coping strategies. Adaptation can be positive which results in human and environmental integration (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The nurse’s role in this process is to adapt to the patient’s needs by performing a thorough assessment to be able to provide the tools needed for the individual to positively adjust to complications that they are experiencing. References Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2012). NR 501 Theoretical basis for advanced nursing practice. Concept Analysis: Directions with Scoring Rubric. St Louis, MO: Author Chen, S. F. , Foster, R. L. , amp; Huang, C. Y. (2003). Concept analysis of pain. Tzu Chi Nursing Journal 2:3 Cunningham, D. A. (2005). Adaptation of Roy’s adaptation model when caring for a group of women coping with menopause. Journal of Community Health Nursing 19(1), 49-60 Henselmans, I. , Sanderman, R. , Helgeson, S. V. , de Vries, J. , Smink, A. , amp; Ranchor, A. V. (2010). Personal control over the cure of breast cancer: Adaptiveness, underlying beliefs and correlates. Psycho-Oncology 19: 525-534 Holden, L. M. (2005). Complex adaptive systems: Concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 52 (6) 651-657 Honoch, L. , amp; Randall, M. P. (2005). Psychological adaptation to disability: Perspectives from chaos and complexity theory. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 17-28 Lorre, G. A. , Schkade, J. K. , amp; Ishee, J. H. (2004). Content validity of the relative mastery measurement scale: A measure of occupational adaptation. Occupational, Participation and Health 24 (3) McEwen, M. , amp; Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3rd ed. . Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health. Merriam-Webster. com. (2013). Adaptation. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/adaptation Stiegelis, H. E. , Hagedoorn, M. , Sanderman, R. , Van der Zee, K. I. , Buunk, B. P. , amp; Van den Bergh, A. C. M. (2003). Cognitive adaptation: A comparison of cancer patients and healthy references. British Journal of Health Psychology 8 303-318 What is Adaptat ion? (2008) Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved from: www. nrcan. gc. ca